Invasive Pneumococcal Disease
Invasive pneumococcal disease is an infection caused by bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae. The bacteria can cause a variety of different diseases that range in severity from mild illness like ear infections, to serious invasive infections.
Invasive infections occur when the Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria enter the sterile tissues of the body such as the blood stream. Invasive forms of infection include septicemia and pneumonia. In this report, only invasive infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae are described. Invasive infections are most common in the very young, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems and chronic health problems.
Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria are spread from person-to-person through respiratory droplets from people with the infection. While infections can occur throughout the year, the majority of infections follow a seasonal pattern similar to influenza, which usually peaks in the winter and early spring. Pneumococcal disease is preventable with immunization. Children receive the vaccine as part of their routine immunization schedule. Vaccination is also recommended and is free of charge for all adults over the age of 65 and people with certain medical conditions. Contact a health care provider or the Health Unit for more information.
Invasive pneumococcal disease cases by geographic area
Key findings:
- In the SDHU area, there were 25 confirmed cases of invasive pneumococcal disease in 2015.
- In 2015, the rate of invasive pneumococcal disease in the SDHU area was 12 per 100,000 population.
- The rate of invasive pneumococcal disease in the SDHU area has been higher than the rate in northeastern Ontario and Ontario overall for most years with some fluctuations.
- Between 2006 and 2015, the rate of invasive pneumococcal disease in the SDHU area has remained stable in more recent years with some fluctuations.
Notes:
- Rates are age-standardized using 2011 Canadian population.
- Data Source: Infectious Diseases Query, Public Health Ontario, Extracted Feb. 2016, and Population Estimates and Projections, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care: IntelliHEALTH ONTARIO, Extracted Sep. 2015.
Figure: Annual age-standardized rate, invasive pneumococcal disease, by geographic area, 2006–2015
Table: Annual age-standardized rate, invasive pneumococcal disease, by geographic area, 2006–2015
| Geographic Region | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SDHU | 5.1 | 7.5 | 5.9 | 14.6 | 16.5 | 12.6 | 14.3 | 11.3 | 9.6 | 11.5 |
| Northeast | 5.4 | 5.6 | 6.9 | 10.3 | 12.8 | 13.8 | 11.0 | 8.7 | 7.2 | 6.9 |
| Ontario | 8.1 | 7.9 | 8.8 | 10.1 | 9.5 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.0 |
Table: Annual number of cases of invasive pneumococcal disease, by geographic area, 2006–2015
| Geographic Region | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SDHU | 10 | 15 | 12 | 30 | 34 | 25 | 30 | 24 | 20 | 25 |
| Northeast | 32 | 32 | 41 | 60 | 76 | 80 | 67 | 55 | 44 | 44 |
| Ontario | 942 | 945 | 1064 | 1256 | 1203 | 1259 | 1275 | 1043 | 1082 | 1002 |
Invasive pneumococcal disease cases by sex
Key findings:
- Between 2011 and 2015, there were a total of 66 males and 58 females diagnosed with invasive pneumococcal disease in the SDHU area, an average of 13 males and 12 females per year.
- In the SDHU area, the annual rate of invasive pneumococcal disease between 2011 and 2015 was 13 per 100,000 males and 10 per 100,000 females.
- The rate of invasive pneumococcal disease among males has been higher than the rate among females.
- Between the time periods 2006–2010 and 2011–2015, the rates of invasive pneumococcal disease has increased slightly for both males and females in the SDHU area.
Notes:
- Rates are age-standardized using 2011 Canadian population.
- Data Source: Infectious Diseases Query, Public Health Ontario, Extracted Feb. 2016, and Population Estimates and Projections, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care: IntelliHEALTH ONTARIO, Extracted Sep. 2015.
Figure: Age-standardized rate, invasive pneumococcal disease, by sex, Sudbury & District Health Unit (SDHU), 2006–2010 and 2011–2015
Table: Age-standardized rate, invasive pneumococcal disease, by sex, Sudbury & District Health Unit (SDHU), 2006–2010 and 2011–2015
| Sex | Rate per 100,000 2006-2010 | Rate per 100,000 2011-2015 |
|---|---|---|
| Males | 11.8 | 13.2 |
| Females | 8.4 | 10.3 |
Table: Annual number of cases of invasive pneumococcal fisease, by sex, Sudbury & District Health Unit (SDHU), 2006–2010 and 2011–2015
| Sex | Total Counts 2006-2010 | Total Counts 2011-2015 | Average Annual Counts 2006-2010 | Average Annual Counts 2011-2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males | 57 | 66 | 11.4 | 13.2 |
| Females | 44 | 58 | 8.8 | 11.6 |
Invasive pneumococcal disease cases by age group
Key findings:
- Between 2011 and 2015, the highest number of invasive pneumococcal disease cases was in the 65-and-over age group, with a total of 48 cases or an average of 10 per year in the SDHU area.
- In the SDHU area, the highest annual rate of invasive pneumococcal disease was in the 65-and-over age groups, with 28 cases per 100,000 population between 2011 and 2015.
- The rate of invasive pneumococcal disease increases with age.
- Between the time periods 2006–2010 and 2011–2015, the rate of invasive pneumococcal disease has remained stable for all age groups except for the 20 to 44 age group where it has increased.
Notes:
- Data Source: Infectious Diseases Query, Public Health Ontario, Extracted Feb. 2016, and Population Estimates and Projections, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care: IntelliHEALTH ONTARIO, Extracted Sep. 2015.
Figure: Invasive pneumococcal disease, by age group, Sudbury & District Health Unit (SDHU), 2006–2010 and 2011–2015
Table: Age-standardized rate, invasive pneumococcal disease, by age, Sudbury & District Health Unit (SDHU), 2006–2010 and 2011–2015
| Age Group | Rate per 100,000 2006-2010 | Rate per 100,000 2011-2015 |
|---|---|---|
| 0-19 | 4.4 | 3.3 |
| 20-44 | 4 | 9 |
| 45-64 | 13.5 | 13.5 |
| 65+ | 25 | 27.8 |
Table: Annual number of cases of invasive pneumococcal disease, by age, Sudbury & District Health Unit (SDHU), 2006–2010 and 2011–2015
| Age Group | Total Counts 2006-2010 | Total Counts 2011-2015 | Average Annual Counts 2006-2010 | Average Annual Counts 2011-2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-19 | 10 | 7 | 2.0 | 1.4 |
| 20-44 | 13 | 28 | 2.6 | 5.6 |
| 45-64 | 40 | 41 | 8.0 | 8.2 |
| 65+ | 38 | 48 | 7.6 | 9.6 |
This item was last modified on March 26, 2018